During this period, the workers would govern society. Karl Marx said that for society to change into a communist way of living, there would have to be a period of change. Many non-communists read it too, even if they do not agree with everything in it. Most socialists and communists today still use this book to help them understand politics and economics. It was a short book with the basic ideas of communism. Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto. Some of the most well-known people that have been important in the development of communism include Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Vladimir Lenin, and Leon Trotsky. Most communist countries (like the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan) fell apart because of foreign intervention primarily from the United States. The fifth, North Korea, now officially follows Juche (which is a variant of Marxism). Four of these follow different forms of Marxism-Leninism (a theory of communism and Marxism) - Vietnam, China, Cuba and Laos. There are now only 5 communist countries. Communist thinkers believe this can happen if the working class take away the power of the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class, sometimes called the ruling class) and establish worker control of the means of production. In capitalism, there is a working class (people who don't own the means of production) and the capitalist class (people who own the means of production). This is the opposite to capitalism where there is money, a state and class. Its goal is to set up a society where there are no states or money and the tools used to make items for people (usually called the means of production) like land, factories and farms are shared by the people. Several academics and economists, among other scholars, posit that the Soviet model under which these nominally Communist states in practice operated was not an actual communist economic model in accordance with most accepted definitions of communism as an economic theory but in fact a form of state capitalism, or non-planned administrative-command system.Communism is a socio- economic political movement. Criticism of communism can be divided into two broad categories, namely that which concerns itself with the practical aspects of 20th century Communist states and that which concerns itself with communist principles and theory. Along with social democracy, communism became the dominant political tendency within the international socialist movement by the 1920s. In the 20th century, Communist governments espousing Marxism–Leninism and its variants came into power in parts of the world, first in the Soviet Union with the Russian Revolution of 1917, and then in portions of Eastern Europe, Asia, and a few other regions after World War II. According to this analysis, revolution would put the working class in power and in turn establish social ownership of the means of production which is the primary element in the transformation of society towards a communist mode of production. The two classes are the proletariat (the working class), who make up the majority of the population within society and must work to survive, and the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class), a small minority who derives profit from employing the working class through private ownership of the means of production. Communism includes a variety of schools of thought which broadly include Marxism, Leninism, and libertarian communism as well as the political ideologies grouped around both, all of which share the analysis that the current order of society stems from capitalism, its economic system and mode of production, namely that in this system there are two major social classes, the relationship between these two classes is exploitative, and that this situation can only ultimately be resolved through a social revolution. Variants of communism have been developed throughout history, including anarcho-communism and Marxist schools of thought. Communists agree on the withering away of the state but disagree on the means to this end, reflecting a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or Communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist state. Communism is a specific, yet distinct, form of socialism. Communism (from Latin communis, 'common, universal') is a philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, namely a socioeconomic order structured upon the ideas of common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state.
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